3.19b F1 x F1 Cross

3:1 is the Prediction Ratio or the Monohybrid F2 Ratio

3.19a P1 x P1 Cross

3.18b Genotypes

3.18a Phenotypes

3.2 Fertilisation

Understand that fertilisation involves the fusion of a male and female gamete to produce a zygote that undergoes cell division and develops into an embryo

Adult male + Adult female

Diploid cells (2n) have complete set of chromosomes
In humans 2n = 46

Diploid cells divide (with meiosis) to create gametes with haploid set (n - ½ a set; 23 in humans)
Gametes in male - sperm
Gametes in female - egg

Fertilisation
Sexual reproduction
Cells are brought together - joined/fused together
Forms one cell (Chromosomes: n + n = 2n)

New cell has 46 chromosomes - Zygote
Combination of male and female chromosomes

Zygote goes through mitosis - Cells divide to give two cells
Both contain 46 chromosomes
All cells have 2n / diploid number of chromosomes

Sufficient cells -> creates embryo

3.9b Female Reproductive System

Uterus generally small (size of orange) before pregnancy

1. Ovary - Meiosis - produces gametes (eggs)
2. Oviducts - Carry eggs to uterus
- Location where fertilisation takes place (in green)
3. Wall of uterus (muscle) - stretches during pregnancy and contracts during childbirth
4. Lining of uterus - accepts and develops egg -> embryo -> child (placenta)
5. Cervix - entrance to uterus for sperm
6. Uterus space - place where embryo develops
7. Vagina - Collects sperm cells

3.9a Male Reproductive System

Recall the structure and function of the male and female reproductive systems

1. Bladder - Stores urine

2. Testis - Meiosis (produces gametes - sperm cells)

3. Epididymis - Stores sperm cells

4. Vas deferens - Carries sperm cells to penis (tube)

5. Prostate - adds 20/30% of volume of semen, contains sugars, alkali (neutralise acidic secretions within vagina)

6. Seminal Vesicles - 70% of semen, contains "
Sperm cells are combined with prostate and seminal vesicle secretions to create semen

7. Urethra - Takes semen down penis, also exit for urine

8. Penis - Carry sperm cells into vagina during sexual intercourse