4.7 Energy efficiency

(Kilojoules)

In the producer, only 10% of the energy is transferred to primary consumer, and so on

Causes of losses

Producer -> Primary consumer -> Secondary consumer

100 kJ -> 10 kJ -> 1 kJ

1) Respiration (energy lost by primary consumer)

2) Plant cell wall cannot be digested (not all of the plant can be digested) -> Faeces

-- 90 kJ loss --

3) Not all of primary consumer is available to secondary consumer

All eventually die

Broken down by decomposers