2.89 Hormones

understand the sources, roles and effects of the following hormones: ADH, adrenaline, insulin, testosterone, progesterone and oestrogen.

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1. Hormones
- Made in endocrine glands
- Travel through blood

2. ADH - Anti-diuretic hormone
- Increases amount of water reabsorbed into the bloodstream in the collecting tubule [kidney]
- Produced in pituitary gland [brain]

3. Adrenaline
- Activates fight-or-flight response
- Increases heart rate, depth of breathing/breathing rate, sweating
- Hair stands on end (goosebumps), dilated pupils, pallidness (blood redirected to muscles)
- Produced in adrenal glands

4. Insulin
- Facilitates entry of glucose into muscle and other tissues
- Stimulates liver to store glucose in the form of glycogen
- Decreases concentration of glucose in the blood
(if one does not have insulin the source of energy will be fatty acids instead of glucose)
- Produced in the pancreas
- Released after a meal to convert glucose to glycogen // insoluble and for storage

5. Testosterone
- Stimulates secondary growth and sexual characteristics (male)
- Produced in the testes

6. Oestrogen
- Stimulates secondary growth and sexual characteristics (female)
- Works with progesterone for the menstrual cycle (produces LH hormone which causes the ovary to release an egg // ovulation)
- Produced in the ovaries

7. Progesterone
- Prevents uterus lining from breaking down so that an egg can plant into it
- Presence of sperm; if there is no sperm present then the ovaries stop producing progesterone and the lining of the uterus breaks down, causing a menstrual cycle